Chloroform ya mafakitale ya kalasi ya Chloroform yokhala ndi chiyero chachikulu
Katundu
Madzi opanda mtundu komanso owonekera bwino. Ali ndi mphamvu yowala. Ali ndi fungo lapadera. Amakoma bwino. Sapsa mosavuta. Akakumana ndi dzuwa kapena akamasungunuka mumlengalenga, pang'onopang'ono amasweka ndikupanga phosgene (carbyl chloride). Chifukwa chake, 1% ethanol nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa ngati chokhazikika. Imatha kusakanikirana ndi ethanol, ether, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide ndi mafuta. ImL imasungunuka m'madzi pafupifupi 200mL (25℃). Nthawi zambiri sipsa, koma kukhudzana ndi moto wotseguka komanso kutentha kwambiri kumathabe kuyaka. M'madzi ochulukirapo, kuwala, kutentha kwakukulu kumachitika, kupangika kwa phosgene ndi hydrogen chloride yoopsa kwambiri komanso yowononga. Maziko olimba monga lye ndi potaziyamu hydroxide amatha kuswa chloroform kukhala ma chlorate ndi mawonekedwe. Pogwira ntchito ya alkali ndi madzi amphamvu, imatha kupanga zophulika. Kutentha kwambiri kumakhudzana ndi madzi, kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri la chitsulo ndi zitsulo zina, dzimbiri la mapulasitiki ndi rabara.
Njira
Trichloromethane ya mafakitale inatsukidwa ndi madzi kuti ichotse ethanol, aldehyde ndi hydrogen chloride, kenako inatsukidwa ndi sulfuric acid yokhazikika ndi sodium hydroxide solution. Madziwo anayesedwa kuti ndi amchere ndipo anatsukidwa kawiri. Pambuyo pouma ndi anhydrous calcium chloride, distillation, kuti mupeze trichloromethane yoyera.
Malo Osungirako
Chloroform ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chosungunulira komanso chochitapo kanthu. Ndi osinthasintha kwambiri, oyaka moto komanso ophulika. Chifukwa chake, dziwani izi mukamasunga:
1. Malo osungira: Chloroform iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, ouma komanso opumira bwino, kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji komanso kutentha kwambiri. Malo osungira ayenera kukhala kutali ndi malo oyaka moto, kutentha ndi okosijeni, malo oti asaphulike.
2. Kupaka: Chloroform iyenera kusungidwa mu chidebe chopanda mpweya chapamwamba, monga mabotolo agalasi, mabotolo apulasitiki kapena ng'oma zachitsulo. Kulimba ndi kulimba kwa zidebe kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Zidebe za Chloroform ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku nitric acid ndi zinthu zamchere kuti zisawonongeke.
3. Pewani chisokonezo: chloroform sayenera kusakanikirana ndi oxidant wamphamvu, asidi wamphamvu, maziko amphamvu ndi zinthu zina kuti apewe zotsatira zoopsa. Posungira, kukweza, kutsitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti chipewe kugundana, kukangana ndi kugwedezeka, kuti apewe kutuluka kwa madzi ndi ngozi.
4. Pewani magetsi osasinthasintha: Posungira, pokweza, potsitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chloroform, pewani magetsi osasinthasintha. Njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa, monga kuyika pansi, kuphimba, zida zotsutsana ndi magetsi osasinthasintha, ndi zina zotero.
5. Kuzindikira chizindikiro: Chidebe cha chloroform chiyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zomveka bwino komanso zodziwika bwino, zomwe zikusonyeza tsiku losungira, dzina, kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwake ndi zina zambiri, kuti zithandize kuyang'anira ndi kuzindikira.
Ntchito
Kuzindikira cobalt, manganese, iridium, ayodini, chothandizira kuchotsa phosphorous. Kuzindikira phosphorous yopanda organic, galasi lachilengedwe, mafuta, utomoni wa rabara, alkaloid, sera, phosphorous, ayodini solvent mu seramu.
