Chloroform mafakitale kalasi chloroform ndi mkulu chiyero
Katundu
Zamadzimadzi zopanda mtundu komanso zowonekera. Ili ndi refraction yamphamvu. Ili ndi fungo lapadera. Zimakoma. Sichipsa mosavuta. Ikakumana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena okosijeni mumlengalenga, imasweka pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga phosgene (carbyl chloride). Chifukwa chake, 1% ethanol nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa ngati stabilizer. Itha kukhala miscible ndi Mowa, etha, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide ndi mafuta. ImL imasungunuka m'madzi pafupifupi 200mL (25 ℃). Nthawi zambiri sizidzayaka, koma kukhudzana ndi nthawi yayitali pamoto wotseguka komanso kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuyakabe. Mu owonjezera madzi, kuwala, kutentha zidzachitika kuvunda, mapangidwe kwambiri poizoni ndi zikuwononga phosgene ndi wa hydrogen kolorayidi. Maziko amphamvu monga lye ndi potaziyamu hydroxide amatha kuphwanya chloroform kukhala ma klorate ndi mawonekedwe. Pochita zamphamvu zamchere ndi madzi, zimatha kupanga zophulika. Kutentha kwambiri kukhudzana ndi madzi, zowononga, chitsulo ndi zitsulo zina, kuwonongeka kwa mapulasitiki ndi mphira.
Njira
Trichloromethane ya mafakitale idatsukidwa ndi madzi kuchotsa ethanol, aldehyde ndi hydrogen chloride, kenako kutsukidwa ndi sulfuric acid ndi sodium hydroxide yankho. Madziwo adayesedwa kuti ndi amchere ndipo adatsukidwa kawiri. Pambuyo kuyanika ndi anhydrous calcium kolorayidi, distillation, kupeza koyera trichloromethane.
Kusungirako
Chloroform ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira komanso sing'anga. Imasinthasintha kwambiri, imatha kuyaka komanso imaphulika. Chifukwa chake, zindikirani zotsatirazi pozisunga:
1. Malo osungira: Chloroform iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma komanso mpweya wabwino, kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Malo osungiramo ayenera kukhala kutali ndi moto, kutentha ndi okosijeni, malo osaphulika.
2. Kupaka: Chloroform iyenera kusungidwa m'chidebe chopanda mpweya chamtundu wokhazikika, monga mabotolo agalasi, mabotolo apulasitiki kapena ng'oma zachitsulo. Umphumphu ndi kulimba kwa zotengera ziyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse. Zotengera za chloroform ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku nitric acid ndi zinthu zamchere kuti zisawonongeke.
3. Pewani chisokonezo: chloroform sayenera kusakanikirana ndi okosijeni wamphamvu, asidi wamphamvu, maziko amphamvu ndi zinthu zina kuti apewe zoopsa. Posungira, kutsitsa, kutsitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kuti tipewe kugunda, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, kupewa kutayikira ndi ngozi.
4. Pewani magetsi osasunthika: Posungira, kutsitsa, kutsitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chloroform, pewani magetsi osasunthika. Njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa, monga kuyika pansi, zokutira, zida za antistatic, etc.
5. Chizindikiritso cha label: Chidebe cha chloroform chiyenera kulembedwa zilembo zomveka bwino, kusonyeza tsiku losungira, dzina, kusungirako, kuchuluka kwake ndi zina, kuti athe kuwongolera ndi kuzindikira.
Ntchito
Kutsimikiza kwa cobalt, manganese, iridium, ayodini, phosphorous m'zigawo wothandizira. Kutsimikiza kwa organic phosphorous, organic galasi, mafuta, mphira utomoni, alkaloid, sera, phosphorous, ayodini zosungunulira mu seramu.
